Term	Definition	Note
Classes
	Organization	A formal or informal group of people or entities working together for a common purpose, such as a company, university, or research group.
	Work	A creation or contribution of intellectual, artistic, or scientific nature, such as a paper, book, or software.
	Dataset	A collection of data, often structured and organized, used for analysis or research purposes.
	Expression	A particular form a work takes each time it is realized, often including specific edits, translations, or formats.
	ScholarlyWork	A work that has academic or scholarly value, often the result of research or study, such as articles, papers, books, and conference presentations.
	BibliometricDataInTime	Data related to the citation and usage metrics of a scholarly work, tracked over a specific period, showing trends like publication count or citation growth.
	Person	An individual human being, often used in academic and organizational contexts.
	Identifier	A unique reference used to distinguish a particular entity, such as a DOI for a publication or a ROR for a research organization.
	IdentifierScheme	A standardized system for creating identifiers, such as DOI or ROR, that ensures uniqueness and consistency.
	NumericBibliometricData	Bibliometric data expressed numerically, such as citation count, download count, or author publication count.
	CategorialBibliometricData	Bibliometric data categorized by specific types or categories, such as reproducibility badges.
	BibliometricMeasure	A quantitative metric used to assess the impact, reach, or relevance of a scholarly work, such as citation indices or impact factor.
	RoleInTime	A person’s role or responsibility at a particular point in time.
	Role	A defined function or responsibility, often in the context of a project or publication, such as “author”.
	SubjectTerm	A term or keyword that categorizes the subject matter of a work, typically used to describe the thematic focus of research.
	Agent	An entity responsible for an action or process, such as a person, group, or software system that performs an activity.
	Entity	A distinct, identifiable object or thing that can be described or classified, ranging from individuals to organizations to abstract concepts.
	Activity	A specific action or process that an entity performs.
	Venue	A place or platform where scholarly work is presented or shared, such as a journal, conference, or repository.
	Contribution	A specific input or effort made by an entity to a particular scholarly work.
Object Properties
	hasIdentifier	An object property that links an entity to its unique identifier, such as a DOI or a GitHub username.
	usesIdentifierScheme	An object property indicating that an entity uses a specific identifier scheme, such as DOI or a GitHub username.
	withBibliometricData	An object property that links bibliometric data in time to its associated bibliometric data.
	holdsRoleInTime	An object property that links an entity to a role it held at a specific point in time.
	withRole	An object property linking a role in time to a specific role it holds or has held.
	relatesToOrganization	An object property linking a role in time to an organization, such as affiliation with a research organization.
	isRelatedToRoleInTime	An object property indicating a relationship between an entity and a role in time held by another entity at a certain time.
	realization	An object property indicating that a work has been realized in a specific expression.
	realizationOf	An object property indicating that an expression is the realization of a work.
	holdsBibliometricDataInTime	An object property that links an entity to bibliometric data tracked over a specific time period.
	hasMeasure	An object property linking an entity or work to a specific bibliometric measure or metric.
	isDocumentContextFor	An object property relating a document to the role for which that document provides the context (e.g. relating a document to the role of author or peer-reviewer of that document).
	relation	A general object property indicating a connection or relationship between two entities.
	partOf	An object property indicating that an entity is a part or component of a larger whole.
	hasPart	An object property indicating that an entity includes or contains a part.
	withContribution	An object property linking a role in time to a specific contribution.
	cites	An object property indicating that one entity references another entity in its content.
	wasGeneratedBy	An object property showing that an entity was produced or created by an activity.
	accordingTo	An object property linking bibliometric data to the agents that informs it.
	wasAssociatedWith	An object property linking an activity to an agent that carried it out.
	used	An object property linking an activity to an entity used to carry out that activity .
	submits	An object property linking an agent to an entity that is submitted to some third party.
	withinContext	An object property linking bibliometric data in time to the specific context within which the fact of the entity having the value is relevant.
	isHeldBy	An object property linking a role in time with the agent holding it.
Data Properties
	name	A data property referring to the name of an entity, such as the name of a person or the name of an organization.
	hasLiteralvalue	A data property linking an identifier to a literal value, such as a string.
	title	A data property referring to the title of a work, such as the title of a journal article or dataset.
	prefLabel	A data property used to define a preferred label or term for an entity, often in controlled vocabularies.
	issued	A data property referring to the date when a work was issued or published, such as the publication date of a journal article.
	hasContent	A data property linking an expression to its content.
	hasValue	A data property indicating that an entity has some kind of textual value associated with it.
	hasNumericValue	A data property indicating that numeric bibliometric data have a numeric value, such as a citation count or publication year.
	bibliographicCitation	A data property containing the full citation for a work, such as the reference for a journal article.
	description	A data property used to provide a textual description or summary of an entity or work.
	hasEmail	A data property used to provide an email address.
Individuals
	doi	An individual representing a Digital Object Identifier, a unique identifier assigned to a digital object such as a journal article or dataset.
	github	An individual representing a GitHub repository or user, often used in research to indicate code or software repositories.
	url	An individual representing a Uniform Resource Locator.
	conceptualization	An individual representing a process or activity involved in developing an abstract idea or framework, often in the context of research design.
	ontology-design	An individual representing the process of designing an ontology, often within the context of semantic web or data integration.
	methodology	An individual representing the overarching approach or strategy used in a research project, encompassing the methods, principles, and processes guiding data collection, analysis, and interpretation.
	data-analysis	An individual representing the process of examining, cleaning, and interpreting data to extract meaningful insights, patterns, or relationships.
	software-development	An individual representing the process of creating, testing, and maintaining software systems or applications, often in the context of research tools or software used in data analysis.
	fieldwork	An individual representing the process of conducting research or data collection outside of a laboratory or controlled setting, often involving direct interaction with environments or participants.
	algorithm-design	An individual representing the process of designing and developing algorithms to solve specific computational problems or optimize tasks in a research context.
	supervision	An individual representing the process of overseeing and guiding research activities, often provided by a mentor, advisor, or project leader.
	software-implementation	An individual representing the process of turning software designs and specifications into a working software product, including coding, testing, and deployment.
	data-curation	An individual representing the process of organizing, maintaining, and ensuring the accessibility, quality, and longevity of datasets used in research.
	experimentation	An individual representing the process of designing and conducting experiments to test hypotheses or explore new phenomena in research.
	writing-lead	An individual representing someone responsible for leading or coordinating the writing process of a scholarly work.
	writing-review	An individual representing someone responsible for reviewing and providing feedback on a scholarly work, often in the context of peer review.
	data-integration	An individual representing the process of integrating data from different sources to create a unified dataset.
	technical-infrastructure	An individual representing the process of supporting the technical setup or maintenance of systems that support research, such as database management or server administration.
	validation	An individual representing the process of ensuring the accuracy and reliability of data, methods, or findings.
	author	An individual representing someone who contributes to the creation of a scholarly work, typically as a writer or researcher.
	principal-researcher	An individual representing the lead researcher or investigator responsible for overseeing a research project or study.
	author-publication-count	An individual representing the number of publications authored by a particular person.
	author-publication-count-per-subject	An individual representing the number of publications by an author in a specific subject area.
	author-citation-count	An individual representing the number of citations an author has received across their publications.
	author-citation-count-per-subject	An individual representing the number of citations received by an author in a specific subject area.
	author-download-count	An individual representing the number of times an author’s works have been downloaded or accessed.
	publication-citation-count	An individual representing the number of citations a particular publication has received.
	publication-download-count	An individual representing the number of times a particular publication has been downloaded.